Yii2中Restful API原理实例分析

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            本文实例分析了Yii2中Restful API原理。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：
Yii2 有个很重要的特性是对 Restful API的默认支持， 通过短短的几个配置就可以实现简单的对现有Model的RESTful API
这里通过分析rest部分源码，简单剖析下yii2 实现 restful 的原理，并通过一些定制实现 对 关联模型的RESTful api 操作。
~ 代表 extends from 的关系
| | rest/
| | |-Action.php ~ `\yii\base\Action`
| | |-Controller.php ~  `\yii\web\Controller`
| | | |-ActiveController.php ~ `rest\Controller`
| | |-Serializer.php ~ `yii\base\Component`
| | |-UrlRule.php ~ `yii\web\CompositeUrlRule`
| | |-CreateAction.php ~ `rest\Action`
| | |-DeleteAction.php ~ `rest\Action`
| | |-IndexAction.php ~ `rest\Action`
| | |-OptionsAction.php ~ `rest\Action`
| | |-UpdateAction.php ~ `rest\Action`
| | |-ViewAction.php ~ `rest\Action`
1. rest/Controller ~ \yii\web\Controller
Controller是 RESTful API 控制器类的基类
它在一个API请求的控制周期中一次实现了下面的步骤 1~5：
① 解析响应的内容格式
② 校验请求方法
③ 检验用户权限
④ 限制速度
⑤ 格式化响应数据
use yii\filters\auth\CompositeAuth;
use yii\filters\ContentNegotiator;
use yii\filters\RateLimiter;
use yii\web\Response;
use yii\filters\VerbFilter;
/**
* Controller is the base class for RESTful API controller classes.
*
* Controller implements the following steps in a RESTful API request handling cycle
* 1. Resolving response format (see [[ContentNegotiator]]);
* 2. Validating request method (see [[verbs()]]).
* 3. Authenticating user (see [[\yii\filters\auth\AuthInterface]]);
* 4. Rate limiting (see [[RateLimiter]]);
* 5. Formatting response data (see [[serializeData()]])
behaviors
  contentNegotiator
  verbFilter
  authenticator
  rateLimiter
afterAction
  serializeData Yii::createObject($this->serializer)->serialize($data)
verbs []
*/
class Controller extends \yii\web\Controller
{
  public $serializer = 'yii\rest\Serializer';
  public $enableCsrfValidation = false;
  public function behaviors()
  {
    return [
      'contentNegotiator' => [
        'class' => ContentNegotiator::className(),
        'formats' => [
          'application/json' => Response::FORMAT_JSON,
          'application/xml' => Response::FORMAT_XML,
        ],
      ],
      'verbFilter' => [
        'class' => VerbFilter::className(),
        'actions' => $this->verbs(),
      ],
      'authenticator' => [
        'class' => CompositeAuth::className(),
      ],
      'rateLimiter' => [
        'class' => RateLimiter::className(),
      ],
    ]
  }
  public function verbs()
  {
    return [];
  }
  public function serializeData($data)
  {
    return Yii::createObject($this->serializer)->serialize($data);
  }
  public function afterAction($action, $result)
  {
    $result = parent::afterAction($action, $result);
    return $this->serializeData($result);
  }
}